一、Editorial and Advisory Boards of“NEW CARBON MATERIALS”（论文文献综述）
JTTE Editorial Office,Jiaqi Chen,Hancheng Dan,Yongjie Ding,Yangming Gao,Meng Guo,Shuaicheng Guo,Bingye Han,Bin Hong,Yue Hou,Chichun Hu,Jing Hu,Ju Huyan,Jiwang Jiang,Wei Jiang,Cheng Li,Pengfei Liu,Yu Liu,Zhuangzhuang Liu,Guoyang Lu,Jian Ouyang,Xin Qu,Dongya Ren,Chao Wang,Chaohui Wang,Dawei Wang,Di Wang,Hainian Wang,Haopeng Wang,Yue Xiao,Chao Xing,Huining Xu,Yu Yan,Xu Yang,Lingyun You,Zhanping You,Bin Yu,Huayang Yu,Huanan Yu,Henglong Zhang,Jizhe Zhang,Changhong Zhou,Changjun Zhou,Xingyi Zhu[1]（2021）在《New innovations in pavement materials and engineering:A review on pavement engineering research 2021》文中提出Sustainable and resilient pavement infrastructure is critical for current economic and environmental challenges. In the past 10 years, the pavement infrastructure strongly supports the rapid development of the global social economy. New theories, new methods,new technologies and new materials related to pavement engineering are emerging.Deterioration of pavement infrastructure is a typical multi-physics problem. Because of actual coupled behaviors of traffic and environmental conditions, predictions of pavement service life become more and more complicated and require a deep knowledge of pavement material analysis. In order to summarize the current and determine the future research of pavement engineering, Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering（English Edition） has launched a review paper on the topic of "New innovations in pavement materials and engineering: A review on pavement engineering research 2021". Based on the joint-effort of 43 scholars from 24 well-known universities in highway engineering, this review paper systematically analyzes the research status and future development direction of 5 major fields of pavement engineering in the world. The content includes asphalt binder performance and modeling, mixture performance and modeling of pavement materials,multi-scale mechanics, green and sustainable pavement, and intelligent pavement.Overall, this review paper is able to provide references and insights for researchers and engineers in the field of pavement engineering.
陈艺芬[2]（2021）在《纽马克文本类型理论指导下的《通用公司2019年可持续发展报告》翻译实践报告》文中研究说明资源的日益枯竭和环境问题的日益恶化迫使各个行业开始寻求可持续发展。在不同的行业领域里也同时涌现了大批中小型企业。在这样的背景之下,企业可持续发展报告作为一种企业对外沟通的方式,通过倡导企业不仅要追求企业的经济利益最大化,更要追求经济、社会和环境效益的协调发展,对于企业形象的塑造和自身发展起着举足轻重的作用。但是在翻译领域,对企业可持续发展报告的研究却少之又少。本篇论文选取全球汽车行业的领先者之一—通用集团的最新可持续发展报告作为翻译文本进行研究,以期为中国汽车行业的长足发展提供新的参考和帮助;同时,论文以为纽马克文本类型翻译理论作为指导理论,以期丰富纽马克文本类型理论的研究和应用。通过分析,本研究认为通用汽车集团2019可持续发展报告主要为信息型文本,兼具少部分呼唤型文本,并且分别对该报告内的信息型文本和呼唤型文本进行了具体案例分析。其中该报告的呼唤型文本主要为标题,本研究也将主要以标题作为呼唤型文本来分析。在结束部分,通过结合纽马克针对文本类型提出的翻译策略,本研究认为在进行英译中的标题时,应考虑到标题的审美功能,因此在翻译时可采用四字格、压头韵等方式来更好地将原文信息在目的语文化中得到更好的呈现。
MEHRAN IDRIS KHAN[3]（2020）在《中巴环境法比较研究 ——执法与未来路径》文中研究说明该研究概述了国内环境法和国际环境法的含义,特别着重于比较中国和巴基斯坦的发展状况,环境条件,立法,政策含义或执行机制。该研究讨论了有关国际或区域法律文书以及区域或全球环境问题。该研究方法采用定性方法来比较两国的环境法律及其关键要素,以促进其实施并实现今世后代可持续性地利用环境。该研究指出该地区国际、跨界和区域环境法的制定和实施在国家或地区之间差异很大。这些差异是由于每个区域集团内不同的经济环境,政治历史,文化态度和殖民影响所致。其反映了法律和政策方法的碎片化,致使该区域的环境法律和政策制度仍然不完整,并且鉴于环境无边界以及共同的责任,需要明确共同的生态目标。相比之下,美国-加拿大-墨西哥、挪威和比利时等世界其他地区在环境事务上彼此之间具有法律合作,例如通过将环境问题纳入其贸易协定以保持区域环境清洁和可持续。中国巴基斯坦经济走廊（CPEC）之下的大型基础设施和工业发展很可能会对巴基斯坦的环境产生全面影响,并且也可能以与该地区先前烟雾问题相同的方式影响中国。两国有必要突然开展法律合作,共同应对这些环境挑战。在这种情况下,作为邻国,中国和巴基斯坦有诸如CPEC的大型联合开发项目,因此有必要将保护环境作为共同的责任,以实现共同的生态目标。该研究旨在找出两国环境法律和政策的相对优势。通过了解环境政策的形成或含义,分析以前实践中的经验教训,并分析或讨论包括环境问题、导致环境管理问题的因素以及理解实施更好解决方案的障碍。研究结果有助于了解两国环境立法的政治或法律结构,并有助于解决与环境法实施和执行有关的问题,例如实施不力。该研究以有关环境的司法、社会、立法、行政和教育措施作为结论,随后提出了在两国有效实施环境法律和政策的适当建议。该研究还得出结论,尽管政府部门被赋予了更多的裁量权对违反环境规则者采取法律行动,但两国执法机构之间的效率差距是不可忽略的。建议加强环境税网,并在税网中考虑二氧化碳排放量因素。该研究还建议建立环境非政府组织,建立专门的环境部门、法院和法庭,在两国大学中开展交流计划,转让技术,例如生产可再生和清洁能源的技术,并从以下领域汲取经验:成功的法律影响和法律移植,环境律师的双边交流,改善环境知识以提高对污染的认知,加强公众参与以及环境公益诉讼,制定统一的商业法规并将环境方面作为基本理解贸易协定并将其转换为“优惠”贸易协定,为CPEC等联合大型项目开发具有气候适应力的基础设施,提高国内、区域和国际环境法、协定和条约之间的一致性,为监测、规划或管理以及影响评估活动而制定环境或气候变化政策以应对共同面临的环境（国内和跨界）挑战。
张蕾[4]（2020）在《镁-空气电池先进空气阴极的研究》文中提出在现代电池技术中,金属空气电池具有与汽油可比的理论能量密度。这些电池的高能量密度使之成为可持续能源存储和转换应用中最具吸引力的电池技术之一。尽管它们是所有电池技术中开发最早的电池,但目前还不能大规模投入工业生产及商业化应用。随着能源新材料及技术的发展,尤其是在电池寿命,实际使用的能量密度和功率密度方面的不断提升,金属-空气电池有望在许多大功率需求的应用中替代其它常规电池。在不同的金属-空气电池体系中,镁-空气电池具有仅次于锂-空气电池的高能量密度以及电压窗口。然而,由于与阳极、阴极和电解质等有关的一系列相关技术问题尚未解决,目前该电池技术仍处于研发阶段,尚不能充分发挥其潜力。在金属-空气电池的反应中,由于阴极氧还原反应的动力学十分缓慢,空气阴极已成为镁-空气电池乃至其它金属空气电池商业化的主要挑战。在空气阴极上,氧还原反应主要发生在固、液、气三相界面。在此三相界面上,固态电极同时与液态电解质和气态氧接触并发生氧还原反应。因此,开发活性催化剂以加快氧还原反应动力学并设计合理的空气阴极电极结构以扩大三相界面对于改善电池性能至关重要。另外,包括镁-空气电池在内的大多数金属-空气电池一般使用碱性电解质,但是,阳极和阴极在含有碱性电解质的镁-空气电池中,存在着诸如阳极钝化以及阴极碳酸盐沉积等问题。这些问题将导致金属阳极中界面膜的形成以及碳酸盐阻塞阴极中的电催化剂孔隙等问题,从而产生高界面电阻而终止电池放电过程。为了克服这些问题,本研究采用了安全、环保的中性水溶液（氯化钠）作为电解液,通过研究成本有效的钴基催化剂以及不同碳载体材料以及热处理温度对钴基催化剂结构性质的影响,获得了阴极氧还原反应在钴基催化剂催化下的反应动力学参数,并提出了反应机理以及反应路径。所获得的结论为电催化氧还原反应的非贵金属催化剂碳载体材料的优化选择提供了理论依据及实验指导。基于所获得的钴基催化剂,本工作设计并研发了新颖的含两层结构的空气阴极及其相应的电化学半电池测试系统与方法。此两层结构的空气阴极以及组装工艺有效地减小了阴极内阻和气体流量限制,从而大大地提高了其透气性以及水的传输。这种空气阴极的整体成本、结构、材料和制造工艺及过程与商业化空气阴极相比都得以改善,并且该方法适用于连续的工业生产过程。在表征催化剂及其空气阴极的性能及性能优化方面,此论文工作还发展了创新性的电化学半电池测试表征系统,能够完全模拟金属-空气电池的工作环境,从而提供了更可控的实验环境和经济快捷的方式,同时避免了通常意义上需组装全电池才能获得的结果。
Retno Mustikawati[5]（2020）在《后殖民时代的印度尼西亚政治研究（1945-1967）》文中提出本文旨在揭示后殖民时代印尼政治变革的三个不同阶段。为了达成此目标,本文主要探讨了如下几个方面的问题:印尼政治如何从议会民主制转向“指导民主”制（guided democracy）?为什么会出现该政治体制的改变?导致两大政体更迭的关键因素是什么?决策执行中有哪些风险?这些决定如何影响印度尼西亚在国际舞台上的地位?为了探讨这些问题,本文将“后殖民时代”的时段从议会民主时期延伸至指导民主时期。本文的研究重点是当时印尼政治的不稳定、对新殖民主义的抵抗、国家创立与民众的自豪感以及国家认同感的构建。在近代史学研究中,去殖民化时代指的是二战后遭受殖民统治的国家从殖民者的占领状态下脱离出来的运动及斗争。曾作为西方殖民地的众多亚洲和非洲国家,去殖民化最激烈的阶段发生在1945-1960年。紧接着是后殖民时代,也是许多新生国家的建国时期。本文将印度尼西亚的后殖民时代划定在1945-1967年,将其视为印度尼西亚政体制度建构的时期。这一时期始于印度尼西亚从荷兰政府统治下摆脱出来全面恢复主权,结束于1967年苏加诺政权倒台。在后殖民时期,印度尼西亚的政体从议会民主转向指导民主。刚刚独立的印度尼西亚,政局动荡,九年间就发生了七次内阁更迭。1945年11月印尼建立了议会民主制,但在这一制度下政府首脑频繁更替,以宗教为基础的暴动事件频发。在议会体系中仅作为名义上的国家元首的苏加诺,开始不断地谴责民主化道路只会带来分裂和动荡,直到1955年大选,党派纷争都难以平息。政局不稳也导致了军方难以处理地区冲突,自由的议会民主制成为指责对象。在取得军方支持和其他有实力的政治力量（包括印尼共产党）的支持后,苏加诺倡议并宣布实行指导民主来团结民众。1959年7月5日苏加诺签署总统令,恢复1945年宪法,并将政体从自由民主制转为指导民主。这一政治变革也随之带来基于总统制的政治结构改变。指导民主围绕民族主义、宗教和共产主义三大核心原则（又名“纳沙贡”思想）,致力于整合一盘散沙的平民力量。苏加诺发明了“平民”（Marhaen）一词,并将其应用到政治领域。苏加诺长期思索和研究印尼社会的阶级构成,并被很多理论问题所困扰。在1921年的某个时候,20岁的苏加诺构想出了这一概念。当时苏加诺住在以个体农业生产为主的万隆,在那里每个农民耕种自己的田地,面积一般不超过三分之一公顷。这一状况引起苏加诺的注意,他使用巽他语与当地一位农民对话了解情况,并总结道:通过使用自己的工具,个体农民仅能维持他自己或家庭的基本生活（没有剩余产品可供出卖）,他们无力雇佣其他劳力,只拥有自己的简陋棚屋。这位农民的名字就叫Marhaen。这一发现成为了苏加诺思想的基础——平民主义（Marhaenism）,也标志着对印尼民众政治特性的再发现。换言之,理论总是依据印尼社会的具体历史情境而产生。用马克思主义的话语来表达的话,平民和“小资产阶级”的含义相近。但是,苏加诺经常使用生活窘迫的“印度尼西亚的穷苦人”的词汇来强调平民的含义。随着平民概念的发展,苏加诺开始把无产阶级也归入印尼平民的一部分。在20世纪60年代,苏加诺把平民划分为三大群体:贫穷的印尼无产阶级（劳工）、贫困的印尼农民和其他印尼穷人。政治精英的政见分歧是导致平民群体不和的主要原因,结果就是实现国家建设和社会发展的目标脱离实际。自由民主制看似只会令既得利益群体受益,而忽视了人民的社会福利。“指导民主”这一苏加诺政治思想的基本概念,是针对西方民主制,以对立命题的方式提出来的。这一民主理论的提出实际上与追求审慎的印尼文化有关。苏加诺认为西方国家的民主实践有结构性缺陷,他认为西方式民主只能保证政治自由,并为经济压迫提供意识形态上的支持。因此,苏加诺论述了社会民主的理念,包括经济民主和政治民主。随后,这一理念被重新表述为一个关于国家权力的理论模式,他称之为“指导民主”。在经济领域,这一理念称作“指导性经济”。但这两个概念所带来的实际结果与追求社会福利的苏加诺政治思想的理想图景相距甚远。原因在于,指导民主的政治结构不再能平衡争权夺利的政治势力。本文由六个部分组成。绪论简要介绍了历史情境及研究背景、研究问题、研究方法、基本观点等。第一章考察1945至1959年“指导民主”产生之前,印度尼西亚政治系统从议会民主制向指导民主的转变过程,重点分析了指导民主产生的国内外因素。第二章阐释指导民主的发展时期,包括指导民主的指导方针及对其相关的拥护和反对情况、“纳沙贡”概念和“新兴力量-旧势力”思想的提出。第三章论述指导民主在经济领域、政治领域和社会领域的发展,重点考察了指导性经济、灯塔政治、该时期的印尼外交政策和辞令以及新兴力量运动会的举办等。第四章论述指导民主如何获得巩固。最后一部分概括了研究结论。本文将印尼政治的后殖民时代界定在1945-1967年,并根据政治活动划分为三个阶段,即动荡阶段、对抗阶段和形成阶段。动荡阶段包括印度尼西亚联邦共和国的解体、议会民主制的实施、多党制的实施、1950年临时宪法的实施等;该时期还包括内阁更迭、执政党霸权、仅作为国家元首的总统、作为行政首脑的总理、军方的弱势地位、苏加诺与哈达的决裂、国内或地区冲突、失败的宪制等。对抗阶段包括1959年总统法令的颁布、1945年宪法的恢复、指导性经济、主办亚非会议、加入不结盟运动、指导民主的实施,以及符合建国五原则的纳沙贡思想和政治宣言“乌斯德克”的灌输,同时还包括新兴力量与旧势力的划分、西伊里安（新几内亚西部）的解放、马来西亚的反对、灯塔政治、大型工程建设、第四届亚运会与新兴力量运动会的举行、印尼退出联合国、雅加达-北京轴线以及新兴力量会议的举办等。形成阶段包括1945年宪法作为印度尼西亚共和国法律基础的有效性,建国五原则作为官方法律的有效性和指引印度尼西亚共和国建设的基本理论。此外,新几内亚西部并入印度尼西亚共和国、举办第四届亚运会和新兴力量运动会、建设地标性建筑等大事件使印尼人民提升了民族自尊。
郭欣[6]（2020）在《十二届欧洽会企业外宣资料汉英翻译实践报告》文中研究说明随着全球化的加速发展,中国企业进入世界市场,扩大市场份额,对世界影响力越来越大。企业外宣资料作为企业对外沟通交流的桥梁,利于国内外企业间的信息交流和合作。高质量的企业外宣资料翻译,不仅可以为企业带来经济效益和社会效益,也会为企业树立良好的品牌形象。本翻译实践报告以十二届欧洽会部分中方参会企业外宣资料作为原文文本,分析了在翻译过程中中遇到的困难,并提出了适当的翻译技巧,以提高这些外宣资料的可读性。本项目的翻译过程在奈达的功能对等理论指导下完成,其内容包括四方面:词语对等、句法对等、篇章对等、和文体对等。在这一理论的指导下,实现两种语言的对等比字面上的严格对应更为重要。在此报告中,作者分析了翻译中遇到的困难,如四字结构,无主句,长难句并通过加注、省略、增译、拆分及重组的翻译技巧,实现了这些外宣资料原文及其译文之间的词汇对等、句法对等、篇章对等和文体对等。由此,译文更易于目标读者理解,更符合目标读者的阅读习惯,以此促进中欧双方企业进一步合作。本报告在翻译项目完成后,得出以下结论:首先,在译前需要做好充足的准备,包括了解项目背景、客户需求,进行术语库建立及翻译前对原文进行分析;其次,在翻译过程中,运用恰当的的翻译理论作为指导以及选取有效的的翻译技巧是十分必要的。最后,本翻译报告可以在一定程度上为企业外宣资料翻译提供相应参考,对以后的翻译工作也具有一定的指导意义。
朱玲[7]（2019）在《“凤凰计划”与美国在南越的“反叛乱”政策（1967-1971）》文中认为本文主要论述了美国在南越实施的“反叛乱”政策及在“反叛乱”政策变动中“凤凰计划”缘起、扩大、改革、衰落的历史事实。关于“反叛乱”的定义学界有不少阐释,但究其实质,“反叛乱”就是综合运用政治、经济、军事、准军事等手段击败“叛乱”,在越战中具体是指美（南）越打击北越及其南方民族解放阵线组织。“凤凰计划”是美（南）越联合实施的,最初为了情报共享而发起的一个项目,旨在准确打击共产党的领导人。凤凰在越南文化中是权力的象征,意味着“凤凰计划”能确保南越当局稳固并使得“反叛乱”项目取得成功。不过“凤凰计划”在实际实施过程中,为了找出农村中的越南南方民族解放阵线成员,通过逮捕、劝降或暗杀的手段,偏离了其最初设置的目的。在越南战争中,美国既使用了军事手段,同时也使用了“反叛乱”手段,两种方式互相配合,以期赢得战争。从军事角度的发展脉络来看,肯尼迪时期越战发展为有限战争,约翰逊升级了越南战争,尼克松政府时期边打边撤军。从“反叛乱”角度看,在“反叛乱”理念发展的基础上,肯尼迪正式推出了“反叛乱”政策。约翰逊继承并发展了肯尼迪的“反叛乱”政策,发起了“凤凰计划”。尼克松充分利用了“凤凰计划”“反叛乱”项目,在巴黎和平谈判期间,纵使南越疯狂实施“凤凰计划”以威慑北越,同时,也起到了辅助美国体面撤军的目的。美国最初为了配合南越当局发起了“凤凰计划”,其主要目的是协调各部门之间的工作,但是在实施过程中,“凤凰计划”的性质却发生了改变。除了组织部门协调情报信息以外,其实施单位,如,临时侦察部队（PRU）逮捕、暗杀越南南方民族解放阵线成员及平民。这引起了后人对“凤凰计划”的极大争议,对于其性质界定问题争论不休。本文通过研究“凤凰计划”缘起、发展及衰落的历史发展脉络,发现“凤凰计划”在越战“越南化”进程中的作用非同一般。“凤凰计划”从发起之时就是一个“越南化”项目,尼克松初期,因为尼克松制定了边谈、边打、边化、边撤的对越政策,所以南越把“凤凰计划”作为维持政权的重要手段,尼克松随之提出了越战“越南化”政策,四个月之后,也就是1969年7月25日尼克松又提出了关岛主义,又四个月之后,1969年11月3日,尼克松又提出了尼克松主义,标志着美国从亚洲收缩战略形成。本文主要使用了《美国对外关系文件集》（FRUS）和其他相关文献资料,做为研究美国对南越“反叛乱”政策的档案材料,“凤凰计划”的档案材料主要使用德州理工大学的电子化越南战争档案。此外,本文还以解密后的数字化美国国家安全档案（DNSA）、美国解密档案在线（DDRS）、中情局档案为辅助材料。文章主要内容包括五部分,引言部分主要概述了论文的选题意义与既有的“反叛乱”理论和“凤凰计划”的研究现状,提出了既有研究的不足之处,在此基础上,提出了本论文创新的大体方向。主体部分介绍了美国在南越“反叛乱”政策出台及“凤凰计划”发起的背景、约翰逊政府对“反叛乱”政策的传承以及“凤凰计划”的缘起、约翰逊末期“反叛乱”政策的转变及“凤凰计划”的扩大、尼克松政府初期对“凤凰计划”的改革及越战“越南化”政策的出台、尼克松的第二次“越南化”政策及“凤凰计划”的衰落。最后是结语部分,内容包括给“凤凰计划”的定位,以及评析“凤凰计划”、美国在南越的“反叛乱”政策、乃至越战给美国带来的影响。此外,除了侧重论述美国在南越实施的“反叛乱”政策及在“反叛乱”政策背景下“凤凰计划”缘起、扩大、改革、衰落的历史过程这条主线外,本文兼顾阐述了尼克松时期的越战“越南化”政策、尼克松主义的起源、美国的官僚政治等方面。同时,也提及了一些与当代问题的联系,如,“凤凰计划”与阿富汗战争、伊拉克战争的关系等问题。对上述相关问题的考察,有助于更全面深刻理解冷战时期美国对南越的“反叛乱”政策及“凤凰计划”的行动模式。
郭学益,田庆华,刘咏,闫红杰,李栋,王亲猛,张佳峰[8]（2019）在《有色金属资源循环研究应用进展》文中指出有色金属是国民经济发展的基础性材料,是国防军工和新科技革命的战略性物资。有色金属冶金面临严重的资源、能源和环境问题,已成为我国有色金属工业可持续发展的瓶颈。有色金属资源循环是国家战略性新兴产业发展的重要组成,是促进有色金属工业可持续发展的有效途径。本文系统介绍了有色金属资源循环的学科和理论基础,详细阐述了有色金属资源循环方法,并分析对比了国内外资源循环技术的应用进展。针对我国有色金属资源循环专门性科研机构—中南大学资源循环研究院,详细介绍了其在"城市矿产"绿色循环、稀贵金属清洁回收、资源循环过程强化和材料循环再造等方面的创新研究工作。最后,对有色金属资源循环未来发展前景和方向进行了展望。
Badarch Sergelen[9]（2019）在《Factors Affecting Rail Reform Model Choice and Cases Comparison Around the World》文中认为A large wave of railway reform started since 1980s and still on-going.A number of countries chose different types of reform models based on their specific conditions and objectives.Studies on the railway reform experience,particularly the efficiency impact is substantial.However,currently debate on the appropriate reform model choice among researchers are intense and not conclusive.This study attempted to shed light on the background and pre-conditions of these reforms through quantitative analysis to evaluate railway reform experience from an another perspective.In addition,comparative case study on railway reform experience of Australia,the United States,the United Kingdom,European Union,Japan and Russia was carried out.Data set was collected from 129 individual railway experts,scholars,and students in China,India,German,Venezuela,Ethiopia,and Mongolia through either questionnaire or face to face interview to analyze their opinion of which factors driving railway reforms as well as their preference on railway reform mode choice.The specific factors that might affect railway reform were based on principle the Governance theory and identified and compiled through literature reviews.A simple structural equation model was constructed for this study delivers some preliminary indications on the government,political,market and social factors affecting railway reform mode choice.Each of factors shows mixed result towards specific reform mode choice of institutional separation,corporatization or ownership restricting,and introduction of competition element to the industry.Government control factors negatively affect institutional restructuring as well as competition,yet positively affect corporatization or ownership restructuring when full or partial public ownership is present.Political and policy factors positively affect railway,and competition but does not affect ownership restructuring.Market factors has negative relationship with institutional restructuring but then positive relationship with ownership changes and enhance competitions.Finally,social elements do not affect separation of railways but do impact positively on the ownership reform and negatively on the competition in railways.
段彦强[10]（2019）在《豪斯翻译质量评估模式指导下的《中国建设银行2017年度报告》英译实践报告》文中指出银行年报是针对规定日期内业务情况的总结的一种经济信息型文本,可以让客户和股东们掌握银行的盈亏和公司的策略。每年向证监会、证券交易所提供社会责任报告或年报是上市公司的责任和义务,同时也是上市企业对社会的一个交代。作为企业对外信息交流和信息披露的主要载体,企业年报的翻译质量直接影响潜在投资者对企业的印象和体验,进而影响一个企业的形象和后续发展。本文基于《中国建设银行2017年度报告》的翻译实践,在分折年报类文类和文本文体特征的基础上,借鉴德国学者者朱莉安·豪斯2015年修正的最新翻译质量评估模式的研究成果,解决本次翻译实践中遇到的词汇、句法篇章。层面上的翻译问题,论文最后尝试从词汇、句法和篇章层面上归纳出诸如释译、减词、文化适应、合句、语序调整法及指代、替换和阐释等翻译技巧,以期实现年报类文本各层面的功能对等,从而为翻译同类文本提供可资借鉴的实践价值。
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（1）New innovations in pavement materials and engineering:A review on pavement engineering research 2021（论文提纲范文）
| 1. Introduction |
| (1) With the society development pavement engineering facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges |
| (2) With the modern education development pavement engineering facing unprecedented accumulation of scientific manpower and literature |
| 2. Asphalt binder performance and modeling |
| 2.1. Binder damage,healing and aging behaviors |
| 2.1.1. Binder healing characterization and performance |
| 2.1.1. 1. Characterizing approaches for binder healing behavior. |
| 2.1.1. 2. Various factors influencing binder healing performance. |
| 2.1.2. Asphalt aging:mechanism,evaluation and control strategy |
| 2.1.2. 1. Phenomena and mechanisms of asphalt aging. |
| 2.1.2. 2. Simulation methods of asphalt aging. |
| 2.1.2. 3. Characterizing approaches for asphalt aging behavior. |
| 2.1.2. 4. Anti-aging additives used for controlling asphalt aging. |
| 2.1.3. Damage in the characterization of binder cracking performance |
| 2.1.3. 1. Damage characterization based on rheological properties. |
| 2.1.3. 2. Damage characterization based on fracture properties. |
| 2.1.4. Summary and outlook |
| 2.2. Mechanism of asphalt modification |
| 2.2.1. Development of polymer modified asphalt |
| 2.2.1. 1. Strength formation of modified asphalt. |
| 2.2.1. 2. Modification mechanism by molecular dynamics simulation. |
| 2.2.1. 3. The relationship between microstructure and properties of asphalt. |
| 2.2.2. Application of the MD simulation |
| 2.2.2. 1. Molecular model of asphalt. |
| 2.2.2. 2. Molecular configuration of asphalt. |
| 2.2.2. 3. Self-healing behaviour. |
| 2.2.2. 4. Aging mechanism. |
| 2.2.2. 5. Adhesion mechanism. |
| 2.2.2. 6. Diffusion behaviour. |
| 2.2.3. Summary and outlook |
| 2.3. Modeling and application of crumb rubber modified asphalt |
| 2.3.1. Modeling and mechanism of rubberized asphalt |
| 2.3.1. 1. Rheology of bituminous binders. |
| 2.3.1. 2. Rheological property prediction of CRMA. |
| 2.3.2. Micromechanics-based modeling of rheological properties of CRMA |
| 2.3.2. 1. Composite system of CRMA based on homogenization theory. |
| 2.3.2. 2. Input parameters for micromechanical models of CRMA. |
| 2.3.2. 3. Analytical form of micromechanical models of CRMA. |
| 2.3.2. 4. Future recommendations for improving micro-mechanical prediction performance. |
| 2.3.3. Design and performance of rubberized asphalt |
| 2.3.3. 1. The interaction between rubber and asphalt fractions. |
| 2.3.3. 2. Engineering performance of rubberized asphalt. |
| 2.3.3. 3. Mixture design. |
| 2.3.3. 4. Warm mix rubberized asphalt. |
| 2.3.3. 5. Reclaiming potential of rubberized asphalt pavement. |
| 2.3.4. Economic and Environmental Effects |
| 2.3.5. Summary and outlook |
| 3. Mixture performance and modeling of pavement materials |
| 3.1. The low temperature performance and freeze-thaw damage of asphalt mixture |
| 3.1.1. Low temperature performance of asphalt mixture |
| 3.1.1. 1. Low temperature cracking mechanisms. |
| 3.1.1. 2. Experimental methods to evaluate the low temperature performance of asphalt binders. |
| 3.1.1. 3. Experimental methods to evaluate the low temperature performance of asphalt mixtures. |
| 3.1.1. 4. Low temperature behavior of asphalt materials. |
| 3.1.1.5.Effect factors of low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. |
| 3.1.1. 6. Improvement of low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. |
| 3.1.2. Freeze-thaw damage of asphalt mixtures |
| 3.1.2. 1. F-T damage mechanisms. |
| 3.1.2. 2. Evaluation method of F-T damage. |
| 3.1.2. 3. F-T damage behavior of asphalt mixture. |
| (1) Evolution of F-T damage of asphalt mixture |
| (2) F-T damage evolution model of asphalt mixture |
| (3) Distribution and development of asphalt mixture F-T damage |
| 3.1.2. 4. Effect factors of freeze thaw performance of asphalt mixture. |
| 3.1.2. 5. Improvement of freeze thaw resistance of asphalt mixture. |
| 3.1.3. Summary and outlook |
| 3.2. Long-life rigid pavement and concrete durability |
| 3.2.1. Long-life cement concrete pavement |
| 3.2.1. 1. Continuous reinforced concrete pavement. |
| 3.2.1. 2. Fiber reinforced concrete pavement. |
| 3.2.1. 3. Two-lift concrete pavement. |
| 3.2.2. Design,construction and performance of CRCP |
| 3.2.2. 1. CRCP distress and its mechanism. |
| 3.2.2. 2. The importance of crack pattern on CRCP performance. |
| 3.2.2. 3. Corrosion of longitudinal steel. |
| 3.2.2. 4. AC+CRCP composite pavement. |
| 3.2.2. 5. CRCP maintenance and rehabilitation. |
| 3.2.3. Durability of the cementitious materials in concrete pavement |
| 3.2.3. 1. Deterioration mechanism of sulfate attack and its in-fluence on concrete pavement. |
| 3.2.3. 2. Development of alkali-aggregate reaction in concrete pavement. |
| 3.2.3. 3. Influence of freeze-thaw cycles on concrete pavement. |
| 3.2.4. Summary and outlook |
| 3.3. Novel polymer pavement materials |
| 3.3.1. Designable PU material |
| 3.3.1. 1. PU binder. |
| 3.3.1.2.PU mixture. |
| 3.3.1. 3. Material genome design. |
| 3.3.2. Novel polymer bridge deck pavement material |
| 3.3.2. 1. Requirements for the bridge deck pavement material. |
| 3.3.2.2.Polyurethane bridge deck pavement material(PUBDPM). |
| 3.3.3. PU permeable pavement |
| 3.3.3. 1. Permeable pavement. |
| 3.3.3. 2. PU porous pavement materials. |
| 3.3.3. 3. Hydraulic properties of PU permeable pavement materials. |
| 3.3.3. 4. Mechanical properties of PU permeable pavement ma-terials. |
| 3.3.3. 5. Environmental advantages of PU permeable pavement materials. |
| 3.3.4. Polyurethane-based asphalt modifier |
| 3.3.4. 1. Chemical and genetic characteristics of bitumen and polyurethane-based modifier. |
| 3.3.4. 2. The performance and modification mechanism of polyurethane modified bitumen. |
| 3.3.4. 3. The performance of polyurethane modified asphalt mixture. |
| 3.3.4. 4. Environmental and economic assessment of poly-urethane modified asphalt. |
| 3.3.5. Summary and outlook |
| 3.4. Reinforcement materials for road base/subrgrade |
| 3.4.1. Flowable solidified fill |
| 3.4.1. 1. Material composition design. |
| 3.4.1. 2. Performance control. |
| 3.4.1. 3. Curing mechanism. |
| 3.4.1. 4. Construction applications. |
| 3.4.1.5.Environmental impact assessment. |
| 3.4.1. 6. Development prospects and challenges. |
| 3.4.2. Stabilization materials for problematic soil subgrades |
| 3.4.2.1.Stabilization materials for loess. |
| 3.4.2. 2. Stabilization materials for expansive soil. |
| 3.4.2. 3. Stabilization materials for saline soils. |
| 3.4.2. 4. Stabilization materials for soft soils. |
| 3.4.3. Geogrids in base course reinforcement |
| 3.4.3. 1. Assessment methods for evaluating geogrid reinforce-ment in flexible pavements. |
| (1) Reinforced granular material |
| (2) Reinforced granular base course |
| 3.4.3. 2. Summary. |
| 3.4.4. Summary and outlook |
| 4. Multi-scale mechanics |
| 4.1. Interface |
| 4.1.1. Multi-scale evaluation method of interfacial interaction between asphalt binder and mineral aggregate |
| 4.1.1. 1. Molecular dynamics simulation of asphalt adsorption behavior on mineral aggregate surface. |
| 4.1.1. 2. Experimental study on absorption behavior of asphalt on aggregate surface. |
| 4.1.1. 3. Research on evaluation method of interaction between asphalt and mineral powder. |
| (1) Rheological mechanical method |
| (2) Microscopic test |
| 4.1.1. 4. Study on evaluation method of interaction between asphalt and aggregate. |
| 4.1.2. Multi-scale numerical simulation method considering interface effect |
| 4.1.2. 1. Multi-scale effect of interface. |
| 4.1.2. 2. Study on performance of asphalt mixture based on micro nano scale testing technology. |
| 4.1.2. 3. Study on the interface between asphalt and aggregate based on molecular dynamics. |
| 4.1.2. 4. Study on performance of asphalt mixture based on meso-mechanics. |
| 4.1.2. 5. Mesoscopic numerical simulation test of asphalt mixture. |
| 4.1.3. Multi-scale investigation on interface deterioration |
| 4.1.4. Summary and outlook |
| 4.2. Multi-scales and numerical methods in pavement engineering |
| 4.2.1. Asphalt pavement multi-scale system |
| 4.2.1. 1. Multi-scale definitions from literatures. |
| 4.2.1. 2. A newly-proposed Asphalt Pavement Multi-scale System. |
| (1) Structure-scale |
| (2) Mixture-scale |
| (3) Material-scale |
| 4.2.1. 3. Research Ideas in the newly-proposed multi-scale sys- |
| 4.2.2. Multi-scale modeling methods |
| 4.2.2. 1. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations. |
| 4.2.2. 2. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. |
| 4.2.2. 3. Composite micromechanics methods. |
| 4.2.2. 4. Finite element method (FEM) simulations. |
| 4.2.2. 5. Discrete element method (DEM) simulations. |
| 4.2.3. Cross-scale modeling methods |
| 4.2.3. 1. Mechanism of cross-scale calculation. |
| 4.2.3. 2. Multi-scale FEM method. |
| 4.2.3. 3. FEM-DEM coupling method. |
| 4.2.3. 4. NMM family methods. |
| 4.2.4. Summary and outlook |
| 4.3. Pavement mechanics and analysis |
| 4.3.1. Constructive methods to pavement response analysis |
| 4.3.1. 1. Viscoelastic constructive models. |
| 4.3.1. 2. Anisotropy and its characterization. |
| 4.3.1. 3. Mathematical methods to asphalt pavement response. |
| 4.3.2. Finite element modeling for analyses of pavement mechanics |
| 4.3.2. 1. Geometrical dimension of the FE models. |
| 4.3.2. 2. Constitutive models of pavement materials. |
| 4.3.2. 3. Variability of material property along with different directions. |
| 4.3.2. 4. Loading patterns of FE models. |
| 4.3.2. 5. Interaction between adjacent pavement layers. |
| 4.3.3. Pavement mechanics test and parameter inversion |
| 4.3.3. 1. Nondestructive pavement modulus test. |
| 4.3.3. 2. Pavement structural parameters inversion method. |
| 4.3.4. Summary and outlook |
| 5. Green and sustainable pavement |
| 5.1. Functional pavement |
| 5.1.1. Energy harvesting function |
| 5.1.1. 1. Piezoelectric pavement. |
| 5.1.1. 2. Thermoelectric pavement. |
| 5.1.1. 3. Solar pavement. |
| 5.1.2. Pavement sensing function |
| 5.1.2. 1. Contact sensing device. |
| 5.1.2.2.Lidar based sensing technology. |
| 5.1.2. 3. Perception technology based on image/video stream. |
| 5.1.2. 4. Temperature sensing. |
| 5.1.2. 5. Traffic detection based on ontology perception. |
| 5.1.2. 6. Structural health monitoring based on ontology perception. |
| 5.1.3. Road adaptation and adjustment function |
| 5.1.3. 1. Radiation reflective pavement.Urban heat island effect refers to an increased temperature in urban areas compared to its surrounding rural areas (Fig.68). |
| 5.1.3. 2. Catalytical degradation of vehicle exhaust gases on pavement surface. |
| 5.1.3. 3. Self-healing pavement. |
| 5.1.4. Summary and outlook |
| 5.2. Renewable and sustainable pavement materials |
| 5.2.1. Reclaimed asphalt pavement |
| 5.2.1. 1. Hot recycled mixture technology. |
| 5.2.1. 2. Warm recycled mix asphalt technology. |
| 5.2.1. 3. Cold recycled mixture technology. |
| (1) Strength and performance of cold recycled mixture with asphalt emulsion |
| (2) Variability analysis of asphalt emulsion |
| (3) Future prospect of cold recycled mixture with asphalt emulsion |
| 5.2.2. Solid waste recycling in pavement |
| 5.2.2. 1. Construction and demolition waste. |
| (1) Recycled concrete aggregate |
| (2) Recycled mineral filler |
| 5.2.2. 2. Steel slag. |
| 5.2.2. 3. Waste tire rubber. |
| 5.2.3. Environment impact of pavement material |
| 5.2.3. 1. GHG emission and energy consumption of pavement material. |
| (1) Estimation of GHG emission and energy consumption |
| (2) Challenge and prospect of environment burden estimation |
| 5.2.3. 2. VOC emission of pavement material. |
| (1) Characterization and sources of VOC emission |
| (2) Health injury of VOC emission |
| (3) Inhibition of VOC emission |
| (4) Prospect of VOC emission study |
| 5.2.4. Summary and outlook |
| 6. Intelligent pavement |
| 6.1. Automated pavement defect detection using deep learning |
| 6.1.1. Automated data collection method |
| 6.1.1. 1. Digital camera. |
| 6.1.1.2.3D laser camera. |
| 6.1.1. 3. Structure from motion. |
| 6.1.2. Automated road surface distress detection |
| 6.1.2. 1. Image processing-based method. |
| 6.1.2. 2. Machine learning and deep learning-based methods. |
| 6.1.3. Pavement internal defect detection |
| 6.1.4. Summary and outlook |
| 6.2. Intelligent pavement construction and maintenance |
| 6.2.1. Intelligent pavement construction management |
| 6.2.1. 1. Standardized integration of BIM information resources. |
| 6.2.1. 2. Construction field capturing technologies. |
| 6.2.1. 3. Multi-source spatial data fusion. |
| 6.2.1. 4. Research on schedule management based on BIM. |
| 6.2.1. 5. Application of BIM information management system. |
| 6.2.2. Intelligent compaction technology for asphalt pavement |
| 6.2.2. 1. Weakened IntelliSense of ICT. |
| 6.2.2. 2. Poor adaptability of asphalt pavement compaction index. |
| (1) The construction process of asphalt pavement is affected by many complex factors |
| (2) Difficulty in model calculation caused by jumping vibration of vibrating drum |
| (3) There are challenges to the numerical stability and computational efficiency of the theoretical model |
| 6.2.2. 3. Insufficient research on asphalt mixture in vibratory rolling. |
| 6.2.3. Intelligent pavement maintenance decision-making |
| 6.2.3. 1. Basic functional framework. |
| 6.2.3. 2. Expert experience-based methods. |
| 6.2.3. 3. Priority-based methods. |
| 6.2.3. 4. Mathematical programming-based methods. |
| 6.2.3. 5. New-gen machine learning-based methods. |
| 6.2.4. Summary and outlook |
| (1) Pavement construction management |
| (2) Pavement compaction technology |
| (3) Pavement maintenance decision-making |
| 7. Conclusions |
| Conflict of interest |
（2）纽马克文本类型理论指导下的《通用公司2019年可持续发展报告》翻译实践报告（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| Abstract |
| Chapter1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Background of the Report |
| 1.2 Current Studies on Translation of Sustainability Report |
| 1.3 Significance of the Report |
| 1.4 Framework of the Report |
| Chapter2 Translation Process |
| 2.1 Pre-Translation |
| 2.1.1Analysis of the Source Text |
| 2.1.2 Preparations before Translation |
| 2.2 In-Translation |
| 2.2.1 Translation Process |
| 2.2.2 Difficulties Encountered |
| 2.2.3 Solutions to Difficulties |
| 2.3 After Translation |
| 2.3.1 Self-proofreading |
| 2.3.2 Peer Review |
| Chapter3 Theoretical Basis |
| 3.1 Literature Review of Text Typology |
| 3.2 Definition of Text Typology |
| 3.2.1 Classification of Text Typology |
| 3.2.2 Translation Strategy to Text Typology Theory |
| 3.3 Development of Text Typology |
| 3.4 Application of Text Typology in Translation Studies |
| Chapter4 Case Analysis under the Guidance of Text Typology |
| 4.1 Translation of Informative Text |
| 4.1.1 Literal Translation |
| 4.1.2 Free Translation |
| 4.1.3 Omission |
| 4.1.4 Conversion |
| 4.1.5 Reorganization |
| 4.2 Translation of Vocative Text |
| 4.2.1 Alliteration |
| 4.2.2 Four-Character Form |
| 4.2.3 Omission |
| 4.3 Summary |
| Chapter5 Conclusion |
| 5.1 Findings |
| 5.2 Limitations and Future Plans |
| 5.2.1 Limitations |
| 5.2.2 Suggestions and Future Plan: |
| References |
| Acknowledgements |
| Appendix |
（3）中巴环境法比较研究 ——执法与未来路径（论文提纲范文）
| CHINESE ABSTRACT |
| ABSTRACT |
| CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1. Background of the Study |
| 1.2. Why Compare Environmental Laws of Pakistan and China? |
| 1.3. Hypothesis |
| 1.4. Research Problem |
| 1.5. Research Question (s) |
| 1.6. Aims and Objectives of the Study |
| 1.7. Research Methodology |
| 1.8. The Significance and Scope of the Study |
| 1.9. Outline of the Thesis |
| CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK |
| 2.1. The Environment Law and International Law |
| 2.2. Environmental Policies and Criteria for its Evaluation |
| 2.3. The Development of International and Regional Environmental Laws |
| 2.4. Enforcement Mechanisms of Environmental Laws |
| 2.4.1. Enforcement Mechanism and its Different Kinds |
| 2.4.2. The United Nations and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 2.4.3. Environmental Law and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 2.4.4. Environmental Mechanisms and Policies in Pakistan |
| 2.4.5. China's Environmental Policies and Mechanisms |
| 2.5. Legal Challenges in Enforcing Environmental Laws Across the Boarders |
| 2.5.1. Transboundary Environmental Harm and Cluster-litigation |
| 2.5.2. Access to Domestic and Human Rights Courts |
| 2.5.3. Forums of Inter-state Claims |
| 2.5.4. Non-Judicial Fora |
| 2.5.5. Limited Scope of the Applicable Law |
| 2.6. A Need for Regional Legal Cooperation in Environmental Issus |
| 2.6.1. A Reference from other Regional Cooperation in Environmental Matters |
| 2.6.2. International Trade, International Law, and Environmental Concerns |
| 2.6.3. Legal Grounds of Bilateral Cooperation Concerning TransboundaryEnvironmental Issues |
| 2.6.4. Establishing a Close Connection between Environmental Protection and Trade |
| 2.6.5. Building National, Regional and Global Environmental Networks |
| 2.7. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 3 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND CURRENT PRACTICES INPAKISTAN |
| 3.1. Introduction |
| 3.2. Key Environmental Challenges and their Impacts in Pakistan |
| 3.2.1. An Era of Environmental Unawareness |
| 3.2.2. Issues Concerning Water Resources and Pollution |
| 3.2.3. Energy Issues and Current Situation in Pakistan |
| 3.2.4. Pollution and Waste Management |
| 3.2.5. Biodiversity and Natural Resource Management |
| 3.2.6. Transboundary Environmental Issues |
| 3.2.7. Climate Change and Variability |
| 3.2.8. EIA and Challenges Faced by Legal Consultants in Pakistan |
| 3.2.9. Climate Change Effects on Key Sectors of Pakistan |
| 3.3. National Environmental Priorities for Action in Pakistan |
| 3.3.1. Past Environmental Records |
| 3.3.2. Environment-Related Information Needs |
| 3.3.3. Key Environment(al) (Performance) Indicators |
| 3.3.4. Capacity Building for the Environment |
| 3.3.5. Social Action Project on Environment; Environmental Awareness andEducation |
| 3.3.6. Billion Tree Tsunami Afforestation Project in Pakistan |
| 3.4. Environmental Policy, Legislative, and Institutional Frameworks in Pakistan |
| 3.4.1. Environmental Management Policies in Pakistan |
| 3.4.2. Establishment of Environmental Tribunals, Green Benches, and SustainableDevelopment Fund in Pakistan |
| 3.4.3. EIA in Pakistan |
| 3.4.4. Carbon Emissions Scheme in Pakistan |
| 3.5. Recommendations to Implement Environmental Policies More Efficiently |
| 3.5.1. Enhance and Facilitate the Environmental Education |
| 3.5.2. Provision of Basic Sanitation and Access to Clean Water for All |
| 3.5.3. Consider Energy Efficiency as Pivot of NEP |
| 3.5.4. Monitoring Urban Air Pollution |
| 3.5.5. Public-private Partnerships for Cleaner Production |
| 3.5.6. Emission Control and Trading Scheme |
| 3.5.7. Transboundary Environment Management |
| 3.6. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 4 ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND CURRENT PRACTICES INCHINA |
| 4.1. Introduction |
| 4.2. Effects and Limitations of Environmental Challenges in China |
| 4.2.1. History of Environmental Pollution in China |
| 4.2.2. China's Environmental Health Challenges |
| 4.2.3. Impacts of Air Pollution in China |
| 4.2.4. Limitation of the Study of China's Environmental Regulatory System |
| 4.3. How Does China Treat Emissions? |
| 4.3.1. Emissions Targets |
| 4.3.2. Emission Trading Scheme in China |
| 4.3.3. The Chinese Certified Emission Reduction |
| 4.3.4. Monitoring, Reporting and Verification |
| 4.3.5. Environmental Impact Assessments in China |
| 4.3.6. Environmental Insurance |
| 4.4. Establishment of Environmental Courts and Ministries |
| 4.4.1. Establishment of Ministry of Environmental Protection |
| 4.4.2. Creation of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment |
| 4.4.3. Creation of Specialised Environmental Courts |
| 4.5. Measures Taken to Enforce Environmental Laws and Counter EnvironmentalChallenges |
| 4.5.1. Environmental Laws and Standards |
| 4.5.2. China's New Environmental Protection Law |
| 4.5.3. Environmental Regulatory Framework |
| 4.5.4. Environmental NGOs in China |
| 4.5.5. Environmental Police Force |
| 4.5.6. The Environmental Protection Tax Law |
| 4.6. Criticism and Recommendations |
| 4.6.1. No Tax on CO2 Emissions Included in the newly amended EPL |
| 4.6.2. No Punishment for the Government Personnel on Their Failure |
| 4.6.3. Key Failings of the SO_2 Emissions Trading Market |
| 4.6.4. How Can the New EPL Be Implemented Even Better? |
| 4.7. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 5 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION,ENFORCEMENT MECHANISMS AND CURRENT PRACTICES IN CHINA ANDPAKISTAN |
| 5.1. Introduction |
| 5.2. Environmental Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms in China |
| 5.2.1. Environmental Management Rules in China |
| 5.2.2. Public Interest Litigation in China |
| 5.2.3. The Chinese Institutional Setup and Enforcement Mechanisms |
| 5.3. Environmental Legislation and Enforcement Mechanisms in Pakistan |
| 5.3.1. Existing Environmental Legislation |
| 5.3.2. Environmental related Institutions in Pakistan |
| 5.4. Transboundary Environmental Law in the Context of International Law |
| 5.4.1. Approaches to Customary International Law and Transboundary EnvironmentalHarms |
| 5.4.2. International Law and Pertinent Decisions of International Tribunals |
| 5.4.3. International Treaties and Protocols |
| 5.4.4. The Comparative Law Functions and its Relevance with InternationalEnvironmental Law |
| 5.4.5. From National to International--Topical Trends in Environmental Liabilityfrom Comparative and International Law Perspectives |
| 5.5. Comparative Discussion and Analysis |
| 5.5.1. Public Participation in Environmental Matters |
| 5.5.2. Environmental Impact Assessment System in China and Pakistan |
| 5.5.3. Carbon Emission Schemes in China |
| 5.5.4. Carbon Emissions Schemes in Pakistan |
| 5.5.5. Sustainable Development and the Role of ASEAN in the RegionalEnvironmental Law Perspective |
| 5.5.6. The Role of Judiciary in Environmental Matters in China and Pakistan |
| 5.5.7. Transboundary Environmental Issues and Pertinent (Regional) Legislation |
| 5.5.8. The Development of International and Regional Environmental Laws |
| 5.5.9. Increasing Consistency between Domestic Environmental Legislation andInternational Trade Law |
| 5.5.10. Legal Grounds of Bilateral Cooperation Concerning TransboundaryEnvironmental Issues |
| 5.5.11. Economic Concerns and Development of Environmental Laws |
| 5.5.12. Policy Transfer and Lesson Drawing--Legal Cooperation |
| 5.6. Conclusion |
| CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS |
| 6.1. Concluding Remarks |
| 6.2. Recommendations |
| BIBLIOGRAPHY |
| BOOKS |
| JOURNAL ARTICLES |
| OTHER RESOURCES |
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENT |
| LIST OF ACADEMIC PAPERS PUBLISHED DURING THE COURSE OF A (PHD)DEGREE |
| 学位论文评阅及答辩情况表 |
（4）镁-空气电池先进空气阴极的研究（论文提纲范文）
| 摘要 |
| ABSTRACT |
| Chapter 1 General Introduction |
| 1.1 Research Origin |
| 1.2 Objectives and Significance of the Thesis |
| 1.3 State-of-Art of the Primary Mg-Air Batteries |
| 1.4 Content of the Thesis |
| References |
| Chapter 2 Materials Preparation,Characterization and Measurement Theories |
| 2.1 Materials Preparation and Fabrication |
| 2.1.1 Chemicals |
| 2.1.2 Other Materials |
| 2.1.3 Electro-catalyst |
| 2.1.4 Electrolyte Solution Preparation |
| 2.1.5 Apparatus/Instruments |
| 2.2 Preparation of the Supported Electro-catalysts |
| 2.3 Working Electrode Preparation |
| 2.4 Air-Cathode Fabrication |
| 2.5 Physical Characterization |
| 2.6 DFT Calculation for Exploring Catalyst ORR Active Sites |
| 2.7 Electrochemical Measurements |
| 2.7.1 Measurements by LSV |
| 2.7.2 Measurements by RDE and RRDE Techniques |
| 2.7.3 Measurements by EIS |
| 2.7.4 Single Cell Testing |
| 2.8 Theories of Electrode Kinetics Used for Electrochemical Data Analysis |
| 2.8.1 Analysis of the Data Measured by LSV |
| 2.8.2 Analysis of the Data Measured by RDE and RRDE |
| 2.8.3 Analysis of the Data Measured by EIS |
| References |
| Chapter 3 Electrochemical Properties and Catalyst Activities of CoTMPP/C and Pyrolyzed Co-N_x/C Materials toward ORR |
| 3.1 Introduction |
| 3.2 Electrochemical and Electro-catalytic ORR Activities of Co TMPP/BP Composite Material |
| 3.2.1 Surface Electrochemical Analysis |
| 3.2.2 p H Dependence of the Redox Process |
| 3.2.3 Electro-catalytic Activity |
| 3.3 ORR Catalyzed by Co-Nx/C Catalysts Supported by Different Carbon Supports |
| 3.3.1 Physical Characterization |
| 3.3.2 Electrochemical Characterization |
| 3.3.3 ORR Mechanism Discussion |
| References |
| Chapter 4 Performance Characterization of the Catalysts-Associated Air-Cathodes |
| 4.1 Electrochemical Half-Cell Design and Fabrication |
| 4.2 Electrochemical Half-Cell Validation |
| 4.3 Analysis of the Polarization Curves for ORR Kinetic Information |
| 4.4 Modified Electrochemical Half-Cell Design and Fabrication for High-Temperature Performance Analysis |
| References |
| Chapter 5 Study of the Newly Designed and Fabricated Air-Cathodes for Mg-Air Battery |
| 5.1 Air-Cathode Architecture |
| 5.2 Air-Cathode Design and Fabrication |
| 5.2.1 Technical Concept of the Air-Cathode |
| 5.2.2 Fabrication Procedure of the Air-Cathode |
| 5.3 Results and Discussions |
| 5.3.1 ORR Performance of the Developed Air-Cathodes in the Custom-Built Three-Electrode Electrochemical Half-Cell |
| 5.3.2 EIS Analysis of the Developed Air-Cathodes by Frequency Analyzer |
| 5.3.3 Air-Cathode Performance as a Function of Temperature |
| 5.3.4 Ex-Situ Stability Test of the Developed Air-Cathodes in10 wt% NaCl Solution |
| 5.3.5 Evaluation of the Developed Air-Cathodes in a Mg-Air Single Cell |
| References |
| Chapter 6 General Conclusions& Perspectives |
| 6.1 Conclusions |
| 6.2 Perspectives |
| Publications during Ph.D.Study |
| Acknowledgement |
| List of Abbreviations and Symbols |
（5）后殖民时代的印度尼西亚政治研究（1945-1967）（论文提纲范文）
| ABSTRACT |
| 摘要 |
| Introduction |
| Study Objectives |
| Research Questions |
| Literature Review |
| Hypothesis |
| Methodology |
| Contribution and Originality |
| Possible Difficulties |
| Chapter OnePre-Guided Democracy Period(1945-1959) |
| 1.1. The Chaotic of Political Situation during Parliamentary Democracy,Debates and Differences in Choosing a Constitutional System |
| 1.2. The Birth Factors of the Guided Democracy, towards the Ideals andGoals of the Proclamation of Indonesia's Independence |
| 1.3. The Influential Factors of the Outsiders,from the Allied ForcesNetherlands East Indies(AFNEI)to the Asia Africa Conference 1955(Bandung Conference 1955) |
| Chapter TwoDevelopment of the Guided Democracy |
| 2.1. The Guidelines, Pros and Cons of the Guided Democracy |
| 2.2. The Emergence of NASAKOM Concept,Embracing Three PoliticalEntities in Indonesia:Marhaenism,Islamist,Marxist |
| 2.3. New Emerging Forces(NEFO)-Old Established Forces (OLDEFO):Sukarno's Third World Concept |
| Chapter 3Economical, Political and Social Development of the Guided Democracy |
| 3.1. The Guided Economy, Building a State-led Economy System |
| 3.2. The Beacon Politics,Sukarno's Concept of Indonesia's Foreign Policyduring the Guided democracy |
| 3.3. The Games of New Emerging Forces (GANEFO):The WorldOlympics' Opponent |
| Chapter FourConsolidation of the Guided Democracy for Indonesia's Development |
| 4.1. Sukarno's Critics, Indonesia Withdrawn from the United Nations |
| 4.2. Conference of New Emerging Forces (CONEFO) and the Establishmentof Jakarta-Peking Axis |
| 4.3. Return to and Validity of 1945 Constitution, the Basis for All Laws inIndonesia |
| Conclusion |
| Glossary |
| Appendix The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia PREAMBLE |
| Bibliography |
（6）十二届欧洽会企业外宣资料汉英翻译实践报告（论文提纲范文）
| Acknowledgements |
| Abstract |
| 摘要 |
| Introduction |
| Chapter One Project Description |
| 1.1 Project Background |
| 1.2 Clients Requirements |
| Chapter Two Translation Process |
| 2.1 Translation Preparation |
| 2.1.1 Analysis of Source Text |
| 2.1.2 Glossary Building |
| 2.1.3 Theoretical Guidance--- Functional Equivalence Theory |
| 2.2 Quality Control |
| Chapter Three Difficulties and Skills in Translation |
| 3.1 Difficulties Encountered in the Process of Translation |
| 3.1.1 Four-Character Structure |
| 3.1.2 Non-Subject Sentence |
| 3.1.3 Long and Complex Sentences |
| 3.2 Translation Skills |
| 3.2.1 Omission and Annotation |
| 3.2.2 Amplification |
| 3.2.3 Division and Reconstruction |
| Chapter Four Reflection on the Project |
| 4.1 Feedback from the Clients |
| 4.2 Self-assessments |
| 4.3 Suggestions for Future Translation |
| Conclusion |
| Bibliography |
| 攻读学位期间取得学术成果 |
| Appendix |
（7）“凤凰计划”与美国在南越的“反叛乱”政策（1967-1971）（论文提纲范文）
| 内容摘要 |
| Abstract |
| 绪论 |
| 一、问题的提出与选题意义 |
| 二、国内外研究现状 |
| 三、研究思路和主要内容 |
| 第一章 美国对越政策的发展与在南越“反叛乱”的由来 |
| 第一节 美国的东南亚冷战政策 |
| 一、美国东南亚政策的初步规划 |
| 二、美国东南亚政策的最终确立 |
| 第二节 美国的对越政策与越战进程 |
| 一、法国势力从越南的退出 |
| 二、艾森豪威尔政府逐步介入越南事务 |
| 三、美国破坏越南大选 |
| 第三节 美国在南越“反叛乱”的由来 |
| 一、艾森豪威尔政府“反叛乱”计划的提出 |
| 二、肯尼迪政府“反叛乱”小组的成立 |
| 三、肯尼迪民事“反叛乱”的扩大 |
| 本章小结 |
| 第二章 约翰逊政府“反叛乱”政策的发展及“凤凰计划”的出现 |
| 第一节 军事-民事“反叛乱”的结合 |
| 一、约翰逊军事“反叛乱”的开始 |
| 二、军事-民事“反叛乱”的初步协调 |
| 三、军事-民事“反叛乱”协调机制的形成 |
| 第二节 “凤凰计划”的出现:战争“越南化”的初尝试 |
| 一、军事-民事“反叛乱”的融合:“凤凰计划”的基础 |
| 二、“情报收集和开发项目”——“凤凰计划”的由来 |
| 三、“凤凰计划”机构设置的决策 |
| 第三节 “凤凰计划”的情报基础:“召回计划”的实施 |
| 一、“召回计划”的由来及其发展过程的决策 |
| 二、“召回计划”的情报获取及与“凤凰计划”的关系 |
| 三、“召回计划”在少数民族地区的实施及其作用 |
| 本章小结 |
| 第三章 约翰逊政府“反叛乱”政策调整及“凤凰计划”的扩大 |
| 第一节 “反叛乱”政策调整的背景 |
| 一、溪山战役及春节攻势的发生 |
| 二、关于是否增兵越南的大争论 |
| 第二节 “反叛乱”政策的调整 |
| 一、对南越“反叛乱”的调整 |
| 二、对南越周边国家“反叛乱”的调整 |
| 第三节 “凤凰计划”的扩大 |
| 一、“凤凰计划”的正式化 |
| 二、“凤凰计划”情报机构的建立 |
| 本章小结 |
| 第四章 尼克松政府第一次“越南化”政策与“凤凰计划”的改革 |
| 第一节 尼克松政府初期军事行动对“反叛乱”的支持 |
| 一、尼克松政府初期对“反叛乱”政策的争议 |
| 二、尼克松政府初期对柬埔寨的轰炸 |
| 第二节 “凤凰计划”的改革 |
| 一、“凤凰计划”的效果评估及其存在的问题 |
| 二、“凤凰计划”的改革 |
| 第三节 第一次“越南化”政策及其失败 |
| 一、尼克松的战争“越南化”政策 |
| 二、尼克松在印度支那的军事升级 |
| 三、第一次“越南化”政策的失败 |
| 本章小结 |
| 第五章 尼克松中后期“反叛乱”战略的显着转型及“凤凰计划”的衰落 |
| 第一节 第二次“越南化”政策:“反叛乱”的“越南化” |
| 一、对“反叛乱”的反思及第二次“越南化”的开始 |
| 二、“凤凰计划”的“越南化” |
| 第二节 “凤凰计划”衰落前的过渡期 |
| 一、“凤凰计划”在巴黎和谈中的威慑作用 |
| 二、“凤凰计划”在撤军中的辅助作用 |
| 第三节 “凤凰计划”的衰落 |
| 一、改革后“凤凰计划”的效果评估及其失败原因 |
| 二、“凤凰计划”的替代品——F6项目的实施和失败 |
| 本章小结 |
| 结论 |
| 一、“凤凰计划”在“反叛乱”中的位置 |
| 二、“凤凰计划”对美国越战进程与当代“反叛乱”战略的影响 |
| 参考文献 |
| 攻读博士学位期间研究成果 |
| 致谢 |
（9）Factors Affecting Rail Reform Model Choice and Cases Comparison Around the World（论文提纲范文）
| Acknowledgement |
| Abstract |
| 1 Introduction |
| 1.1 Background |
| 1.1.1 Railway Reform Arguments from International Perspective |
| 1.1.2 Railway Reform Arguments in China |
| 1.1.3 Railway Industry Efficiency and Debt Problems in China |
| 1.2 Research Question |
| 1.3 Research Contents and Logic Framework |
| 1.4 Concepts Definition |
| 2 Railway Reform and Performance History and Status Quo |
| 2.1 Main Alternatives of Railway Reform |
| 2.2 Railway Reform and Performance: Ownership |
| 2.2.1 Public Ownership |
| 2.2.2 Private Ownership |
| 2.2.3 Mixed Ownership |
| 2.2.4 Vertical Separation |
| 2.2.5 Horizontal Separation |
| 2.2.6 Railway Reform and Performance: Integration Mode |
| 2.2.7 Railway Reform and Performance: Mixed mode |
| 2.3 Railway Reform and Performance: Competition |
| 2.3.1 Competition in the Rail Market |
| 2.3.2 Competition for Rail Market |
| 2.4 Summary |
| 3 Literature and Methodology Review |
| 3.1 Theory |
| 3.1.1 Governance Theory |
| 3.1.2 Modes of Governance |
| 3.1.3 Workable Competition |
| 3.1.4 Characteristics of Railway |
| 3.2 Methodology Review |
| 3.2.1 Qualitative Methodology |
| 3.2.2 Quantitative Methodology |
| 3.3 Summary |
| 4 Research Framework and Method Design |
| 4.1 Research Framework |
| 4.1.1 Research Focus |
| 4.1.2 Selection of Research Methodology |
| 4.2 Method Design |
| 4.2.1 Data Collection Methods |
| 4.2.2. Questionnaire Design |
| 4.3 Econometric Modelling |
| 4.3.1 Structural Equation Model |
| 4.3.2 Model Construction Steps |
| 5 Questionnaire Analysis and Modelling Research Results |
| 5.1 Questionnaire Descriptive Analysis |
| 5.2 Reliability and Validity Analysis |
| 5.3 Modelling Research Results |
| 5.4 Summary |
| 6 Case Comparison of Railway Reform Modes Worldwide |
| 6.1 Australian Model |
| 6.1.1 Overview of Australian Railway |
| 6.1.2 Railway Reform |
| 6.2 UK Model |
| 6.2.1 Overview of British Railway Industry |
| 6.2.2 British Railway Reform |
| 6.3 The US model |
| 6.3.1 Overview of the Railway Industry of the United States |
| 6.3.2 Railway Reform |
| 6.4 EU model |
| 6.4.1 Overview of EU Railway Industry |
| 6.4.2 Railway Reform |
| 6.5 Japanese model |
| 6.5.1 Overview of the Japanese Railway Industry |
| 6.5.2 Railway Reform in Japan |
| 6.6 Russian Railway Industry Reform |
| 6.6.1 Overview of Russian Railway Industry |
| 6.6.2 Railway Companies: |
| 6.6.3 Regulatory Authorities |
| 6.6.4 Railway Reform |
| 6.7 Summary |
| 7 Conclusions, Implication and Limitation |
| 7.1 Conclusion |
| 7.2 Implications |
| 7.3 Limitations |
| Reference |
| Appendix A-Respondents' Information |
| Appendix B-Questionnaire |
| Appendix C-DIRECTIVE 2001/14/EC of EU Parliament |
| Appendix D-Principal infrastructure managers of Australian railways |
| Appendix E- Decree N 811 of 12.20.2004 of the Russian Government |
| Appendix F- Federal Law of January 10, 2003 No. 17-03 |
| 学位论文数据集 |
（10）豪斯翻译质量评估模式指导下的《中国建设银行2017年度报告》英译实践报告（论文提纲范文）
| ACKHOWLEGEMENTS |
| ABSTRACT |
| 摘要 |
| CHAPTER Ⅰ INTRODUCTION |
| 1.1 Research Background |
| 1.2 Project Description |
| 1.3 Objectives and Significance |
| 1.4 Methodology |
| 1.5 Thesis Structure |
| CHAPTER Ⅱ FUNCTIONAL AND STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL REPORTS |
| 2.1 Studies on Annual Report Home and Abroad |
| 2.2 Functional Features of AR reports |
| 2.3 Generic and Stylistic Features of AR reports |
| 2.3.1 Genre Analysis |
| 2.3.2 Register |
| 2.3.2.1 Field |
| 2.3.2.2 Tenor |
| 2.3.2.3 Mode |
| CHAPTER Ⅲ JULIANE·HOUSE'S MODEL FOR TQA |
| 3.1 Basic Concepts of House's Theory |
| 3.1.1 Equivalence and Meaning |
| 3.1.2 Functions of Language |
| 3.2 House's Original Model |
| 3.3 House's Revised Model |
| 3.3.1 The Framework of the Revised Model |
| 3.3.2 Register |
| 3.3.3 Genre |
| 3.3.4 Individual Textual Function |
| 3.4 Operation of the Revisited Model |
| 3.5 Overt Translation and Covert Translation |
| 3.6 Culture Filter |
| 3.7 Studies on House's Model for TQA Home and Abroad |
| CHAPTER Ⅳ IRANSLATION PROBLEMS AND ITS SOLUONS IN LIGHT OFHOUSE'S TQA MODEL |
| 4.1 Translation Problems of CCB 2017 AR report |
| 4.1.1 Problems at Lexical Level |
| 4.1.1.1 Mistranslation of Terminologies |
| 4.1.1.2 Mistranslation of Abbreviations with Numerals |
| 4.1.1.3 Mistranslation of Category Terms |
| 4.1.1.4 Mistranslation of Terms with Chinese Characteristics |
| 4.1.2 Problems at Syntactical Level |
| 4.1.2.1 Mistranslation of Zero-Subject Sentences |
| 4.1.3 Problems at Textual Level |
| 4.2 Solutions to the problems from the Perspective of TQA |
| 4.2.1 Solutions to Problems at Lexical Level |
| 4.2.1.1 Paraphrase |
| 4.2.1.2 Omission |
| 4.2.1.3 Acculturation |
| 4.2.2 Solutions to Problems at Syntactical Level |
| 4.2.2.1 Combination |
| 4.2.2.2 Voice change |
| 4.2.3 Solutions to Problems at Textual Level |
| 4.2.3.1 Reference |
| 4.2.3.2 Substitution |
| 4.2.3.3 Paraphrase |
| 4.2.3.4 Omission |
| CHAPTER Ⅴ CONCLUSION |
| 5.1 Findings of the Study |
| 5.2 A Note of Caution |
| REFERENCES |
| APPENDEX Ⅰ Source Text(Excerpt) |
| APPENDEX Ⅱ Source Text(Excerpt) |
四、Editorial and Advisory Boards of“NEW CARBON MATERIALS”（论文参考文献）
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- [4]镁-空气电池先进空气阴极的研究[D]. 张蕾. 上海大学, 2020(02)
- [5]后殖民时代的印度尼西亚政治研究（1945-1967）[D]. Retno Mustikawati. 上海大学, 2020(08)
- [6]十二届欧洽会企业外宣资料汉英翻译实践报告[D]. 郭欣. 成都理工大学, 2020(05)
- [7]“凤凰计划”与美国在南越的“反叛乱”政策（1967-1971）[D]. 朱玲. 南京大学, 2019(04)
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